A child always needs a diet that is balanced and has all the necessary nutrients that are needed for healthy growth. Their daily energy needs are constant so diet should also be framed in that way.

Calories

The calories needed by a child will be far higher than the adults due to the following factors. Their basal metabolism activities are high than any stage in their life. The children’s physical activity will be more when compared to the adults. The third factor is they need extra energy for their physical and mental growth.

Proteins

The requirement of proteins will be greater in childhood than in adult stage. The proteins are necessary for tissue repairs and also for tissue growth. It is recommended to supply about 14% of the energy as proteins. Food substances like milk, milk products, meats, fowl, fish, eggs, nut and cereals are very rich in proteins and these food substances should be added in diet liberally.

Fats and carbohydrates

Fats and carbohydrates are main energy source for the body. So carbohydrate and fat rich foods are added to the diet. Each meal should be allowed with liberal helpings of fruits and vegetables. Sweets and candies should not be given in liberal amounts as they can damage the teeth.

Vitamins and minerals

Vitamins and minerals are necessary for growth and hence are given in liberal amounts. Supplementation of minerals and vitamins are not necessary for children. Water and fluid intakes should be carefully monitored. At least 3 liters of fluids are ensured daily to maintain good health. Extra fluids are given for the children who run about and sweat.

Food habitats

Feeds at regular intervals are given to the children. The preferable time for various feeds is 8 am for breakfast, 10.30 am for brunch, 12.30 pm for lunch, 4 pm for snacks and 7 pm for the dinner. These times can be strictly followed and no nipping should be allowed in between. Digestive tonics, mineral and vitamin protein supplements should be avoided. Milk and milk products should be given daily. Milk can be stopped if the child does not like it and do not force him.

The diet for school children can be a bit different. They always have good appetite but their diet should not be added with sweets and candies. Milk products, roasted groundnuts and grams are a good source of protein and energy.

For school children, the breakfast can be given with cereals with a cup of milk or chappaties. Their lunch can be mutton, eggs or potatoes and some fresh fruits like banana or apple. Their dinner can contain food stuffs like meat, fish, cooked vegetables, chappaties or bread and finally a cup of milk.